Firmware Engineer - Testing

1X; San Carlos (CA); On-site; USD 150,000 - 190,000; Full time

Benefits offered by this job

Comprehensive medical, dental, and and

401(k) with company match

Flexible Spending Accounts

Commuter benefits

Disability and life insurance

Employee Assistance Program

Onsite snacks and catered lunches

Job summary

1X is building humanoid home robots that perform chores and assist families. The Firmware QA role ensures every firmware release is safe and reliable across hardware subsystems, with automated tests, HIL rigs, and robust fault-injection strategies.

You will partner with engineers to ship fast while maintaining safety and security. As a member of the Firmware team, you will drive test strategy, maintain automation, and create rigs that simulate real-world conditions.

Qualifications

• 2+ years of firmware or embedded systems testing.
• Ability to test embedded systems at hardware-software boundary, including timing and fault conditions.
• Proven track record of building test automation in Python and Bash with Git and CI systems (GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Buildkite).
• Experience with CAN, UART, I2C and SPI protocols.
• Experience with lab equipment: oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, power supplies, electronic loads.

Responsibilities

• Own firmware release quality: define release test criteria and sign off before fleet deployment.
• Collaborate with firmware developers early to define test strategy and close coverage gaps.
• Build hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test rigs for boards and full robot setups with fault injection.
• Deliver automated Python regression suites that run in CI for every firmware change.
• Verify safety-critical and security behavior under edge cases, including fault detection and secure boot.
• Ensure fleet robustness by validating recovery to known safe state after failed updates and power events.

Skills

Embedded systems testing

Python scripting

Bash scripting

Git & CI

CAN/UART/I2C/SPI

Lab equipment usage

Test automation frameworks

Fault injection

Education

Bachelor's degree in EE/CE/CS or related field

Tools

pytest

Robot Framework

EtherCAT

CAN FD

FreeRTOS

Zephyr

Job description

About 1X

We're building humanoid robots that work in home - doing the chores, handling the tasks, and giving people their time back. Simple, but it's not.

About 1X

We're building humanoid robots that work in home - doing the chores, handling the tasks, and giving people their time back. Simple, but it's not. To do this right, we have to solve robotics, AI, manufacturing - at the same time, at scale, in a form factor that has to be safe enough to live with your family. If you're inspired by this, you'll thrive here. We've been at this since 2014 and we're at the point where the hard problems are behind us and the hard work is in front of us. NEO is our flagship - a home robot designed to move, learn, and operate in the real world alongside real people. We're not demoing it - we're shipping it. We're excited to meet you, if this excites you. If you've spent your career working on problems that matter and want to see them actually reach the world - this is that moment. We're scaling, we're hiring with intention, and we need people who want to build something that will genuinely change how humans spend their time - safely creating abundance for all.

About The Team

The Firmware team owns the embedded software on every hardware subsystem in NEO: communication architecture, power management and motor control. That firmware is what lets NEO move safely, take on new hardware quickly and scale across many embedded nodes, and it gates our biggest product milestones on the way to production.

Your Charter

The mission of this role is to make every firmware release safe to put on robots in people's homes, while keeping firmware developers shipping fast. You own firmware quality across NEO and are the testing partner for every firmware developer on the team. You decide whether a release is ready to go out, and you build the rigs, automation and test plans that tell the team quickly when something is broken.

Key Outcomes

• Own firmware release quality: define release test criteria, run release qualification and sign off on every firmware release before it reaches the fleet
• Partner with every firmware developer early in feature work to define test strategy, close coverage gaps and get feedback into their hands before code merges, so the team ships faster without breaking the robot
• Build hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test rigs, from single boards to full actuator and robot setups, with fault injection for power, communication and sensor failures and validation of real-time buses (EtherCAT, CAN/CAN FD, SPI, UART, I2C)
• Deliver automated Python regression suites that run in CI on every firmware change with clear pass/fail results, and turn field and fleet issues into new regression tests
• Prove that safety-critical and security behavior works as specified, including fault detection, current and thermal limits, safe torque-off, secure boot and firmware signing, under edge cases and malformed inputs
• Drive fleet robustness by confirming every node recovers to a known safe state without manual intervention after failed or interrupted updates, power loss during flashing, corrupted images and watchdog resets, backed by long-duration soak and stress testing

Key Competencies

• You treat developer velocity as your own goal. You find out what each firmware engineer needs to test their work and get it to them before they have to ask
• You do whatever the job calls for: manual bench testing, writing automation, building a custom fixture or modifying hardware to reach a hard-to-test condition
• You break complex embedded systems into testable requirements and find the failure modes others miss, especially in fault handling and safety behavior, which you prove rather than assume
• You can work out whether a bug lives in firmware, hardware or the test setup, using a scope, logic analyzer and bus analyzer
• You script anything you run twice, write clear bug reports and push back on unclear requirements, working closely with firmware, electrical, actuator and operations engineers

Minimum Requirements

• Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering, computer engineering, computer science or a related field, or equivalent experience, with 2+ years of firmware or embedded systems testing
• Demonstrated ability to test embedded systems at the hardware-software boundary, including timing and fault conditions, and to read embedded C/C++ to design targeted tests
• Proven track record of building test automation in Python and Bash, using Git and CI systems such as GitHub Actions, Jenkins or Buildkite
• Experience with communication protocols such as CAN, UART, I2C and SPI
• Experience with lab equipment, hands‑on: oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, power supplies, electronic loads and bus analyzers

Preferred Skills

• Experience in building HIL test systems and automation frameworks (e.g. pytest, Robot Framework), including dynamometers, environmental chambers or fault-injection hardware
• Experience in testing motor control or power electronics firmware (BLDC/PMSM drives, battery management systems, power distribution) and EtherCAT or CAN FD at 1 kHz and above
• Familiarity with safety-critical standards such as IEC 61508, ISO 13849 or ISO 26262, including requirements traceability and verification
• Experience in embedded security testing: secure boot, code signing, hardware security modules or TPMs, fuzzing, penetration testing or fault-injection attacks, and standards such as IEC 62443 or ISO/SAE 21434
• Familiarity with real-time operating systems such as FreeRTOS, SafeRTOS or Zephyr, and a robotics, automotive or IoT device background

What does a successful 1X Team Member look like

Team members at 1X who thrive here are builders. They move fast, own their work completely, and treat time like it's the one thing you can't get back - because it is. They say what they mean, finish what they start, and hold themselves to a standard before anyone has to ask. We push each other to be better, and we do it with honesty and respect.

Compensation Range

$150,000 - $190,000 + Equity

Benefits

• Comprehensive medical, dental, and vision coverage
• Generous paid time off, company holidays, and parental leave
• 401(k) plan with company match (100% on the first 3% of contributions, 50% on the next 2%)
• Flexible Spending Accounts (FSA) and Health Savings Accounts (HSA) options
• Commuter benefits (transit and parking)
• Short-term and long-term disability, and life insurance
• Employee Assistance Program (EAP) for mental health, financial, and personal support
• Onsite snacks and catered lunches

Equal Opportunity Employer

1X is an Equal Opportunity Employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, ancestry, citizenship, age, marital status, medical condition, genetic information, disability, military or veteran status, justice system impact, or any other characteristic protected under applicable federal, state, or local law.

Compensation Range: $150K - $190K